Page 4 - TheTalents 2018 Debate2
P. 4
THE LIMITS OF
“
PALEOZOIC
”
PNL
1. INDIRECT FLUOROSCOPIC IMAGES
2. RELEVANT X-RAY EXPOSURE (FOR PATIENT, SURGEON, OR
PERSONNEL)
3. NEED FOR MULTIPLE ACCESSES, IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE STONE- FREE RATE OF THE TRADITIONAL RIGID-ONLY PNL (>75%)
4. MULTIPLE ACCESSES/SESSIONS IMPLY AN INCREASED MORBIDITY (ESPECIALLY BLEEDING, COMPLICATION RATE 10.5% - 41.9%, MAINLY CLAVIEN 1-3)
